Scroll Down to watch👇👇

What are the symptoms of sebaceous cysts?

The presence of a lump or growth under the skin is usually a sign that you may be developing a sebaceous cyst. Sebaceous cyst may initially appear soft, but later grow firmer as the amount of keratin builds up in the wall of the cyst.  Most cysts are benign and completely harmless. At the start, the the cyst is painless, but depending on the location of the cyst, it can become irritated, erythematous, and inflamed. This inflammation can be a sign of an underlying skin infection.  If the cyst becomes tender to the touch and the surrounding skin appears red and warm, the sebaceous cyst may be infected, and will need further treatment. The cyst may need to be opened and drained, allowing the infection to escape, and oral antibiotics will need to be prescribed. When the cyst becomes painful, or the surrounding skin becomes warm with a foul smelling discharge, this is a strong indication of infection. In an infection is left untreated, it can become serious. Fever, or any other systemic symptoms means that prompt medical attention is necessary.

While most sebaceous cysts pose no cancerous threat it cannot be ruled out entirely. A sebaceous cyst may be considered abnormal or possibly cancerous if it’s diameter is larger than five centimeters, or continues to recur in the same location after repeatedly being removed.

How do you diagnose a sebaceous cyst?

A diagnosis of a sebaceous cyst can be determined by a physical examination of the nodule by a dermatologist, family physician or other healthcare provider. There are occasions when additional testing is required to make a definitive diagnosis of a cyst, since it can sometimes be mistaken for a different type of skin tumor.

Common tests used to diagnosis a sebaceous cyst include:

• Cat scan – This test is performed to rule out other abnormalities or cancer.
• Ultrasound – This test is performed to establish the contents of the cyst and depth of inflammation.
• Punch biopsy – This test is performed to identify the histology of the cyst.
• Culture and Sensitivity – This exam is performed to determine the type of bacteria responsible for the infection and the best antibiotic to treat the infection.

A sebaceous cyst is a benign, non-cancerous bump that forms when a sebaceous gland or hair follicle becomes blocked and fills with a thick, yellowish substance called sebum. Sebaceous cysts are typically painless, although they can become inflamed or infected, causing discomfort. Removing them should generally be done with care, and it’s often best to consult a healthcare professional, especially if they’re large, painful, or have become infected.

Here’s a step-by-step guide to understanding how to deal with sebaceous cysts:

1. Recognizing the Sebaceous Cyst

• Appearance: Sebaceous cysts usually appear as small, round, and smooth bumps beneath the skin. They may be yellowish or white in color.
• Location: They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, back, neck, and scalp.
• Symptoms: Most sebaceous cysts are painless, but they may become tender or red if infected or inflamed.

2. When to Seek Medical Help

• Infection or Inflammation: If the cyst becomes red, swollen, warm to the touch, or painful, it may be infected. In this case, it’s important to see a doctor, as infection can lead to an abscess (a pocket of pus).
• Growing Size: If the cyst is rapidly growing, becomes very large, or starts causing discomfort, it may need medical evaluation for removal.
• Frequent Reoccurrence: If the cyst reoccurs after draining or popping, it might be necessary to consult a healthcare provider.

3. Home Remedies for Managing a Sebaceous Cyst

If the cyst is small, not infected, and doesn’t cause pain, you can manage it at home with the following steps:

• Warm Compress:
  • Apply a warm, moist compress to the cyst for 10-15 minutes, several times a day. This can help soften the contents of the cyst and encourage it to drain naturally.
  • Why it works: The warmth may help reduce inflammation and open the pore, allowing the sebum inside to drain on its own.
• Avoid Squeezing or Popping:
  • It’s tempting, but do not squeeze or try to pop the cyst, as this can lead to infection or scarring. Forcefully squeezing can push bacteria deeper into the skin, making things worse.

4. When to Seek Medical Intervention

If the cyst becomes painful, infected, or you wish to have it removed, you should seek help from a healthcare provider. Medical treatments may include:

• Drainage:
  • A doctor may perform an incision to drain the contents of the cyst. However, this is not a permanent solution, as the cyst can refill with sebum over time.
• Surgical Removal:
  • If the cyst is large, recurrent, or bothersome, your doctor might suggest surgical removal. This involves removing the cyst and its sac to prevent it from coming back.
  • How it’s done: The doctor will make a small incision, remove the cyst and its sac, and stitch the wound. The procedure is usually done under local anesthesia, so it’s a relatively quick and minimally invasive procedure.
  • Why it’s effective: Removing both the cyst and its sac ensures that the cyst won’t return. This method has a high success rate for permanent removal.
• Steroid Injections:
  • In some cases, if the cyst is inflamed, a healthcare provider may inject a steroid into the area to reduce inflammation and swelling. This can help calm the cyst, but it won’t remove it.

5. Risks of Not Removing or Treating the Cyst

While most sebaceous cysts are harmless, there are a few risks associated with leaving them untreated:

• Infection: The cyst may become infected, leading to pus-filled abscesses. Infected cysts may need more intensive treatment (such as drainage or antibiotics).
• Scarring: If squeezed or improperly handled, a sebaceous cyst can lead to scarring.
• Cosmetic Concerns: If the cyst is large or in a visible area, it may cause cosmetic concerns or self-esteem issues.

6. Prevention and Aftercare

Once a sebaceous cyst has been removed or drained, follow your doctor’s aftercare instructions to prevent infection and promote healing. Some tips include:

• Keep the area clean: Gently wash the area with mild soap and water.
• Avoid tight clothing: If the cyst was located on a part of your body prone to friction (e.g., back, neck), wear loose clothing to prevent irritation.
• Apply an antibiotic ointment: If advised by your doctor, use an antibiotic ointment to prevent infection during the healing process.
• Monitor for recurrence: If the cyst comes back or if you notice new cysts forming, follow up with your healthcare provider.

When to Consult a Dermatologist

If you have recurring sebaceous cysts or need help with treatment options, a dermatologist can offer guidance. They can assess whether the cyst is sebaceous, determine the best course of action for removal, and suggest preventive measures for future cysts.

Risk Factors for Sebaceous Cysts

Certain conditions can increase the likelihood of developing sebaceous cysts:

• Acne-prone skin: Individuals with acne or oily skin are at higher risk.
• Genetic predisposition: A family history of sebaceous cysts can increase the chances of developing them.
• Skin trauma: Previous skin injuries (such as cuts or abrasions) can cause cyst formation.
• Certain conditions: Disorders like Gardner’s syndrome (a genetic disorder) or Pachyonychia congenita can result in multiple sebaceous cysts.

When Should You Seek Medical Attention?

While most sebaceous cysts are harmless, medical intervention is required in certain situations:

• Infection: If a sebaceous cyst becomes infected, it can become red, swollen, and painful. Infected cysts may also produce foul-smelling pus. Infection is one of the most common complications of cysts.
• Size and Growth: If the cyst grows large or becomes painful, it should be evaluated by a doctor. Rapid growth may indicate an infection or other complications.
• Cosmetic Concerns: Sebaceous cysts on the face or other visible areas can be bothersome, and removal might be considered for aesthetic reasons.
• Recurrence: If the cyst keeps returning after drainage or popping, it is best to consult a healthcare professional.

Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts

Treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of the cyst. Here are the most common approaches:

1. Warm Compress

• Method: Apply a warm compress to the cyst 3-4 times a day for 10-15 minutes. This can help reduce inflammation and encourage the cyst to drain naturally.Why it works:
  A warm compress can soften the contents of the cyst, making it easier for the sebum to drain out naturally. This method is usually used for small, non-infected cysts that don’t cause significant pain.
• Study Reference: According to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), heat therapy (via warm compresses) can help alleviate discomfort and encourage drainage in cases of non-infected sebaceous cysts.

2. Avoid Squeezing or Popping

It’s important not to squeeze or pop a sebaceous cyst, as this can lead to:

• Infection: Squeezing can introduce bacteria into the cyst, causing infection.
• Scarring: Popping a cyst may cause permanent scarring or skin damage.
• Recurrent cysts: Forcing the cyst out without completely removing its sac can lead to recurrence.
• Clinical Reference: The Mayo Clinic advises against squeezing a sebaceous cyst and emphasizes that improper handling may result in an abscess (a pus-filled pocket).

3. Surgical Removal

For larger, recurrent, or bothersome cysts, a healthcare provider may recommend surgical removal:

• Procedure: The doctor will make a small incision and remove the cyst along with its sac (the wall that produces the sebum). This is done under local anesthesia, and the wound is stitched up.
• Post-Operative Care: After removal, the wound is kept clean and may require a dressing. Stitches are usually removed in 7-10 days.Why it’s effective:
  Removing both the cyst and its sac prevents the cyst from reoccurring. Surgical removal is often the most permanent solution.
• Clinical Reference: A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology explains that complete excision of the cyst, including the sac, is crucial to prevent recurrence.

4. Drainage (Incision and Drainage)

• Method: If the cyst is infected, a healthcare provider may perform an incision to drain the pus or fluid. However, this is only a temporary solution, as the cyst may refill over time if the sac is not removed.
• Post-Drainage Care: The area will likely be dressed, and you may be prescribed antibiotics to reduce the risk of further infection.
• Why it works:
  Draining the cyst relieves pressure and removes the infected fluid, but it doesn’t remove the cyst sac. As a result, there is a high likelihood of recurrence if the sac is not excised.

5. Steroid Injections

• Method: For inflamed cysts, a healthcare provider may inject a corticosteroid into the cyst to reduce swelling and inflammation. This can help with discomfort, but it doesn’t eliminate the cyst itself.
• Why it works:
  Steroid injections can help reduce swelling and inflammation, making the cyst less noticeable, but they do not permanently remove the cyst. It can be useful for managing symptoms temporarily.

6. Other Treatments

• Antibiotics: If the cyst becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection before further intervention.
• Laser Treatment: In rare cases, laser treatment may be used for sebaceous cysts, especially if the cyst is small and located in an area that is difficult to excise.

Preventing Sebaceous Cysts

Although you cannot always prevent sebaceous cysts, there are steps you can take to reduce their occurrence:

• Proper Skin Care: Gently cleanse your skin with non-comedogenic products. Avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate the skin.
• Avoid Pore Blockage: If you are prone to acne, use skincare products with salicylic acid or retinoids, which help keep pores clear.
• Don’t Squeeze Cysts: Avoid trying to squeeze or pop cysts, as this can lead to scarring or infection.

Long-Term Outlook and Prognosis

Sebaceous cysts are usually benign and not harmful. Once removed surgically, the cysts rarely come back, especially if the entire cyst and sac are excised. If left untreated, sebaceous cysts may persist, grow larger, or occasionally become infected. However, with proper care and intervention, sebaceous cysts are manageable.

References:

1. American Academy of Dermatology (AAD):
   • Sebaceous Cysts: Symptoms and Treatment. AAD Website
   • Advice on managing cysts and when to seek medical care.
2. Mayo Clinic:
   • Sebaceous Cysts: Diagnosis and Treatment. Mayo Clinic Website
   • Information about diagnosis, risk factors, and treatments.
3. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD):
   • A study on the excision of sebaceous cysts and its effectiveness in preventing recurrence:
     Sebaceous cysts: The role of excision and the importance of removal of the cyst sac.
4. PubMed Central:
   • A comprehensive study on sebaceous cyst management, including drainage techniques and the importance of complete excision:
     Management of epidermoid cysts: Surgical vs. conservative treatments.