By Davan 
Symptoms of Sebaceous Cysts:
Sebaceous cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts, typically have the following symptoms:
- Visible Lumps:
- A sebaceous cyst often appears as a round, smooth lump just beneath the skin.
- The size of the cyst can vary, from small (pea-sized) to large (several centimeters across).
- The lump may be visible on the skin, typically on areas like the face, back, shoulders, or chest, where sebaceous glands are abundant.
- Texture:
- The cyst feels firm or soft to the touch and is usually movable under the skin.
- It may feel slightly tender or painful, especially if it is inflamed or infected.
- Pain (if infected or inflamed):
- Sebaceous cysts are usually painless unless they become inflamed or infected.
- Infection may cause the cyst to become red, swollen, and tender to the touch, often with increased pain.
- Skin Color Changes:
- The skin over the cyst may appear normal, or it can turn red or inflamed if the cyst is irritated or infected.
- In some cases, there may be a blackhead at the surface of the cyst, where the duct is blocked.
- Drainage or Pus (if infected):
- If the cyst becomes infected, it may drain a thick, foul-smelling substance or pus.
- Some sebaceous cysts may rupture spontaneously, releasing their contents, which might be yellowish, oily, and cheesy in texture.
- Slow Growth:
- Sebaceous cysts tend to grow slowly over time and are generally painless when not infected.
- They can remain stable for years unless they become infected or inflamed.
- Scarring (after drainage or removal):
- If a sebaceous cyst is drained or surgically removed, it may leave a scar.
- The extent of scarring depends on the size of the cyst and the method of treatment.
When to Seek Medical Help:
You should see a doctor if:
- The cyst becomes painful, red, or swollen (signs of infection).
- The cyst grows rapidly or seems to be spreading.
- The cyst drains pus or a foul-smelling fluid.
- You have a concern about the appearance of the cyst or it is causing discomfort.
- If the cyst is in a sensitive area (like the face or genital region), and it’s affecting your quality of life.
Although sebaceous cysts are usually benign and non-cancerous, it’s always a good idea to have them evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out other conditions or to prevent complications.
What is a Sebaceous Cyst?
A sebaceous cyst (also known as epidermoid cyst) is a non-cancerous growth that forms under the skin. It occurs when the sebaceous gland (which produces an oily substance called sebum) becomes blocked, leading to the formation of a fluid-filled sac. Though usually benign, sebaceous cysts can become irritated, infected, or inflamed.
Symptoms of Sebaceous Cysts
1. Visible Lump Under the Skin
- Appearance: A sebaceous cyst usually manifests as a round, smooth lump beneath the skin. It is typically firm but can be soft depending on its contents. The lump may range in size, from small (pea-sized) to larger (several centimeters in diameter).
- Common locations: These cysts often appear on the face, back, shoulders, and neck, but they can occur anywhere on the body.
Source:
- American Academy of Dermatology: “Sebaceous cysts, or epidermoid cysts, are typically harmless but may cause cosmetic concerns if large or located in prominent areas” (AAD).
2. Pain or Tenderness (If Inflamed or Infected)
- Sebaceous cysts are usually painless, but if they become infected or inflamed, they can cause pain and discomfort.
- Inflammation can make the cyst feel tender to the touch, and infection may result in sharp pain that increases with pressure.
Source:
- Mayo Clinic: “A sebaceous cyst is generally painless unless it becomes inflamed or infected, in which case it can be swollen and painful” (Mayo Clinic).
3. Skin Redness or Swelling
- The skin over the cyst may appear red or warm if it becomes inflamed. The surrounding area can also become swollen and more sensitive to touch.
- Infection causes the redness and swelling to worsen.
Source:
- Healthline: “Infection may cause the cyst to become red, tender, and swollen, and the area may be painful to the touch” (Healthline).
4. Drainage or Pus (If Infected)
- Discharge: A sebaceous cyst may leak pus or yellowish, oily fluid if it becomes infected or ruptures. This fluid is often thick and may have a foul-smelling odor.
- The drainage may occur spontaneously or after the cyst is squeezed, which can cause further complications.
Source:
- WebMD: “If a sebaceous cyst becomes infected, it may rupture and drain a thick, foul-smelling fluid” (WebMD).
5. Blackhead or Plug at the Surface
- Some sebaceous cysts may have a small blackhead at the surface, especially if they become clogged with keratin. This blackhead is often visible at the center of the cyst and is a sign that the duct is obstructed.
- The blackhead may be more visible if the cyst is superficial.
Source:
- American Academy of Dermatology: “A sebaceous cyst can have a visible blackhead at its surface, which indicates that the duct is blocked” (AAD).
6. Slow Growth Over Time
- Sebaceous cysts often develop gradually, growing at a slow pace over weeks, months, or even years. Many cysts are asymptomatic and remain unnoticed unless they reach a certain size or become inflamed.
- Size: The cyst can range from small (about the size of a pea) to large (several centimeters across).
Source:
- Mayo Clinic: “Most sebaceous cysts grow slowly and are painless, but they may eventually become painful or inflamed if they become infected” (Mayo Clinic).
7. Scarring (After Drainage or Removal)
- If a sebaceous cyst ruptures or is surgically drained, it may leave a small scar at the site. The scarring can be minimal or more noticeable, depending on the size of the cyst and the procedure used.
- Proper wound care is essential to minimize scarring after cyst removal.
Source:
- Healthline: “Surgical removal of the cyst will leave a small scar that generally fades over time” (Healthline).
When to Seek Medical Attention
You should consult a healthcare provider if:
- The cyst becomes painful, red, or swollen, indicating possible infection.
- The cyst starts to drain pus or foul-smelling fluid.
- The cyst grows rapidly or does not resolve over time.
- You have concerns about cosmetic appearance or the cyst affects your movement or comfort.
- Unusual symptoms arise, such as fever or the feeling of general illness (which may indicate an infection).
Source:
- American Academy of Dermatology: “See a dermatologist if you have concerns about a cyst, especially if it is infected or affecting your quality of life” (AAD).
Conclusion
Sebaceous cysts are typically benign and often have mild symptoms, such as a painless lump under the skin. However, if they become inflamed or infected, they can cause redness, swelling, pain, and drainage. In some cases, surgical removal or drainage may be necessary to prevent complications. Always consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Let me know if you need more details or further references!
Treatment Options for Sebaceous Cysts
1. Home Care (For Mild Cysts)
For small, painless sebaceous cysts that are not infected or causing discomfort, home care can be sufficient to manage the cyst. Here are some options:
A. Warm Compress
- Purpose: A warm compress can help reduce swelling and may encourage the cyst to drain naturally.
- How to do it: Soak a clean washcloth in warm water, wring it out, and apply it to the cyst for about 10–15 minutes, 3–4 times a day.
- Effectiveness: This may reduce discomfort and inflammation and, in some cases, promote drainage if the cyst is ready to expel its contents.
- Note: Avoid squeezing or attempting to drain the cyst yourself, as this can lead to infection.
B. Over-the-Counter Pain Relief
- Purpose: If the cyst becomes slightly inflamed or tender, over-the-counter pain relievers can help with discomfort.
- Examples: Ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- Effectiveness: These medications help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation, but they don’t address the cyst itself.
2. Medical Treatment (For Larger or Infected Cysts)
If the cyst becomes infected, painful, or grows larger, medical treatment is recommended. Here are the key medical treatments:
A. Drainage (Incision and Drainage)
- Procedure: A doctor may make a small incision in the cyst to drain its contents (sebum). This can relieve pain and pressure.
- Effectiveness: This treatment can be effective in temporarily removing the cyst’s contents but does not remove the cyst wall. As a result, the cyst can sometimes recur.
- When it’s used: This procedure is typically used when the cyst is infected, swollen, or causing pain.
- Risks: There’s a chance that the cyst can come back if the entire cyst sac is not removed.
B. Surgical Excision (Complete Removal)
- Procedure: Surgical excision is the most effective treatment for sebaceous cysts. It involves removing the entire cyst, including the sac (or wall), to reduce the chance of recurrence.
- How it works: The cyst and its sac are carefully excised by a healthcare provider under local anesthesia. A small incision is made, the cyst is removed, and the wound is closed with stitches.
- Effectiveness: Excision is considered the most permanent solution. Since the entire cyst is removed, the chance of recurrence is much lower compared to drainage.
- Post-procedure care: Proper wound care is essential to prevent infection. A bandage will typically be applied, and the area should be kept clean and dry. Stitches may need to be removed after a week or so.
- Recovery time: The procedure is generally done on an outpatient basis, meaning the patient can go home the same day. Recovery time is relatively short, with minor discomfort and swelling that resolves within a few days to weeks.
C. Corticosteroid Injection (For Inflammation)
- Purpose: If the cyst is inflamed but not infected, a doctor may inject a steroid medication into the cyst to reduce swelling and inflammation.
- Effectiveness: This may shrink the cyst and reduce inflammation, but it doesn’t cure the cyst or fully remove it. It may only provide temporary relief.
- When it’s used: This method is generally used to treat swollen cysts that are not infected, and it can help reduce their size.
3. Treatment for Infected Cysts
If the sebaceous cyst becomes infected, medical treatment is essential to prevent complications such as abscess formation or spreading of infection.
A. Antibiotics
- Purpose: If a sebaceous cyst is infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to help treat the infection.
- How it works: Antibiotics work by killing bacteria and preventing the infection from spreading.
- When it’s used: Antibiotics are usually prescribed if there is pus drainage, redness, pain, or swelling associated with the cyst.
- Oral antibiotics may be prescribed if the infection is more severe.
B. Drainage (For Abscesses)
- Procedure: If the cyst becomes an abscess (a swollen pocket of pus), a doctor may drain the cyst to remove the infected material and relieve pressure.
- Effectiveness: Draining the abscess can bring immediate relief, but surgical excision is often necessary to completely remove the cyst and prevent recurrence.
4. Prevention of Recurrence
While there’s no surefire way to prevent sebaceous cysts from forming, there are some steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of recurrence:
A. Proper Skin Hygiene
- Cleanliness: Regularly clean your skin to avoid clogged pores that can lead to cyst formation. Use gentle cleansers and avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate the skin.
- For Acne-Prone Skin: If you’re prone to acne, using products that help prevent clogged pores and reduce oil buildup can minimize the risk of sebaceous cysts.
B. Avoid Squeezing Cysts
- Self-squeezing: Never attempt to squeeze or pop a sebaceous cyst, as this can lead to infection, scarring, and an increased risk of recurrence.
C. Early Treatment
- Seek medical advice: If you notice the formation of a cyst or if it begins to cause pain, redness, or swelling, consult a healthcare provider early. Early treatment can prevent complications and reduce the likelihood of needing more invasive procedures.
When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek medical attention if:
- The cyst becomes painful, swollen, red, or tender (signs of infection).
- The cyst grows rapidly or seems to be spreading.
- The cyst drains foul-smelling fluid or pus.
- There is concern about appearance or discomfort in sensitive areas (e.g., face, genital region).
References for Further Reading
- Mayo Clinic – Sebaceous Cysts:
Provides detailed information on the causes, symptoms, treatment, and management of sebaceous cysts.
Mayo Clinic – Sebaceous Cysts - American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) – Sebaceous Cysts:
Offers information on sebaceous cysts, including treatment options, home care, and when to see a dermatologist.
AAD – Sebaceous Cysts - WebMD – Sebaceous Cysts:
Discusses causes, symptoms, and treatment methods for sebaceous cysts.
WebMD – Sebaceous Cysts - Healthline – Sebaceous Cyst Treatment:
Provides in-depth explanations of various treatment options, including surgical and non-surgical methods.
Healthline – Sebaceous Cyst Treatment
Conclusion
Sebaceous cysts are generally benign but can become problematic if they become infected, painful, or inflamed. Treatment can range from simple home care (such as warm compresses) to surgical options (incision, drainage, or excision). Early consultation with a healthcare provider is essential, especially if the cyst causes significant discomfort or shows signs of infection. Always avoid squeezing or attempting to drain the cyst yourself, as this can lead to complications.